Fluid Intake Requirements of Older Adults

Why are fluids important for older adults?

Older adults tend to drink less water because of a decrease in thirst awareness. This makes them more likely to become dehydrated.

Water is second only to oxygen as essential to life. Everyone needs at least 6 to 8 glasses of liquid each day to keep the body functioning properly. The liquid and chemicals (salts and minerals) within the body are normally maintained in correct balance because the body adjusts the amount of liquid taken in and the amount of liquid lost by regulating thirst and elimination processes. When not enough fluids are taken by mouth, the body adapts by using fluids from the tissues, muscles, and organs.

What are signs of the need for more fluids?

Fluids are normally lost through sweat, urine, and stools. An increase in any of these causes extra fluid loss from the body. For example, exercise causes increased sweating, resulting in extra fluid being lost. Diarrhea or frequent stools results in fluid loss from the bowels. In both of these examples, extra fluid needs to be taken into the body to replace that which was lost.

Some of the other signs that indicate a need for more fluids are:

• dry skin
• fever
• thirst
• sunken eyes
• decreased urination
• confusion
• dizziness.

What fluid should be taken as replacement?

Water is the best fluid to drink because it contains no calories or chemicals that might affect fluid balance in the body. Most older adults need at least 1 1/2 to 2 quarts of water each day to be healthy. Coffee and tea contain caffeine that can act to make the body lose more fluid. Sports fluids, such as Gatorade, can be used because they provide chemicals such as sodium and potassium that are lost with sweating during exercise. However, use caution and check with your health care provider about drinking sports fluids when your diet is restricted or when you are taking prescription medications.

Is it possible to get too much fluid?

Yes. In some situations, too much fluid in the body can cause the fluid to stay in tissues, usually in the feet and legs. This condition is called edema and can be treated with diuretics. Diuretics are medications that rid the body of extra fluid through increased urine output. Edema can occur in several conditions, including heart and kidney disease. Fluid intake may be restricted when edema occurs because drinking too much can counteract the action of the diuretics and make the fluid retention worse. Ask your health care provider about the fluid intake that is appropriate for you.